Habibie(center) as Golkar Board of Patron member during the 1997 campaign in Tanah Abang, Jakarta.

His presidency is seen as a transition to the post-Suharto era.

Upon becoming president, he liberalized Indonesias press and political party laws, and held an early democratic election in 1999, which resulted in the end of his presidency.

His presidency was the third, and the shortest, after independence.

Presidency Early life edit Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie was born in Parepare to Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie and R.

A. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo.

His father was an agriculturist of Buginese-Gorontaloan descent and his mother was a Javanesenoblewoman from Yogyakarta.

Studies and career in Europe edit Habibie went to Delft, the Netherlands, to study aviation and aerospace at the Technische Hogeschool Delft (Delft University of Technology), but for political reasons (the West New Guinea dispute between the Netherlands and Indonesia), he had to continue his study at the Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH Aachen University) in Aachen, Germany.

In 1960, Habibie received an engineers degree in Germany with the title Diplom-Ingenieur.

During this time, he was reacquainted with Hasri Ainun, the daughter of R.

Mohamad Besari. Habibie had known Hasri Ainun in childhood, junior high school and in senior high school at SMA Kristen Dago (Dago Christian Senior High School), Bandung.

Habibie and his wife settled in Aachen for a short period before moving to Oberforstbach.

Habibie worked on two projects which received funding from Deutsche Bundesbahn.

His thesis about light construction for supersonic or hypersonic states also attracted offers of employment from companies such as Boeing and Airbus, which Habibie again declined.

Habibie did accept a position with Messerschmitt-Blkow-Blohm in Hamburg.There, he developed theories on thermodynamics, construction, and aerodynamics known as the Habibie Factor, Habibie Theorem, and Habibie Method, respectively.

He worked for Messerschmitt on the development of the Airbus A-300B aircraft.

In 1974, he was promoted to vice president of the company.

Career in Indonesia edit In 1974, Suharto recruited Habibie to return to Indonesia as part of Suhartos drive to industrialize and develop the country.

Two years later, in 1976, Habibie was made Chief Executive Officer of the new state-owned enterprise Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara (IPTN).

In 1985, PT. Nurtanio changed its name to Indonesian Aviation Industry and is now known as Indonesian Aerospace (Dirgantara)).

In 1978, he was appointed as Minister of Research and Technology.

He continued to play an important role in IPTN other strategic industries in this post.

By the 1980s, IPTN had grown considerably, specializing in the manufacture of helicopters and small passenger planes; by 1991, Habibie oversaw ten state-owned industries including ship- and train-building, steel, arms, communications, and energy.

A 1993 estimate determined that the estimates used nearly 2 billion a year in state funding, although the governments opaque accounting practices meant that the size of the industries was not completely known.

Habibie became a pilot, assisted in his training by A.B.

Wolff, former chief of staff of the Dutch Air Force.

In developing Indonesias aviation industry, he adopted an approach called Begin at the End and End at the Beginning.

In this method, elements such as basic research became the last things upon which to focus, whilst actual manufacturing of the planes was placed as the first objective.

Under Habibies leadership, IPTN became a manufacturer of aircraft including Puma helicopters and CASA planes.

It pioneered a small passenger airplane, the N-250 Gatokaca, in 1995, but the project was a commercial failure.

Cabinet positions edit Habibie was, continuously, a member of six Indonesian cabinets for over 20 years.

He was first appointed as a cabinet member by president Suharto in 1978.

He then served in another five cabinets (including the Development Reform Cabinet which, as president he formed after the resignation of Suharto in May 1998): 1978-1983: State Minister of Research and Technology in the Third Development Cabinet 1983-1988: State Minister of Research and Technology and Chair of the Research and Technology Implementation Board in the Fourth Development Cabinet 1988-1993: State Minister of Research and Technology and Chair of the Research and Technology Implementation Board in the Fifth Development Cabinet 1993-1998: State Minister of Research and Technology and Chair of the Research and Technology Implementation Board in the Sixth Development Cabinet 1998: Vice-president in the Seventh Development Cabinet 1998-1999: President in the Development Reform Cabinet Member of Golkar edit 1994 ABC news report of Suharto announcing he would retire in 1998, including an interview with Habibie, who was Minister of Research and Technology, declaring no interest in becoming president.

In Suhartos regime, as was expected of senior government executives, Habibie became a member of the Golkar organisation.

From 1993 to 1999, he was a daily coordinator for the chairman of the executive board.

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